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Roman Polanski (born Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański, 18 August 1933) is a Paris-born Pole and, since 1976, naturalized French-Polish film director, producer, writer, and actor. Having made films in Poland, the United Kingdom, France and the United States, he is considered one of the few "truly international filmmakers."〔 Born in Paris to Polish parents, he moved with his family back to Poland (Second Polish Republic) in 1937, shortly before the outbreak of World War II.〔 He survived the Holocaust, was educated in Poland (People's Republic of Poland), and became a director of both art house and commercial films.〔 Polanski's first feature-length film, ''Knife in the Water'' (1962), made in Poland, was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.〔 He has since received five more Oscar nominations, along with two Baftas, four Césars, a Golden Globe Award and the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival in France. In the United Kingdom he directed three films, beginning with ''Repulsion'' (1965). In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film ''Rosemary's Baby'' (1968), for which Ruth Gordon won an Academy Award as Best Supporting Actress. In 1969, Polanski's pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, was murdered by members of the Manson Family while staying at Polanski's Benedict Canyon home above Los Angeles.〔 Following Tate's death, Polanski returned to Europe and spent much of his time in Paris and Gstaad, but did not direct another film until ''Macbeth'' (1971) in England. The following year he went to Italy to make ''What?'' (1973) and subsequently spent the next five years living near Rome. However, he travelled to Hollywood to direct ''Chinatown'' (1974). The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, and was a critical and box-office success.〔 Polanski's next film, ''The Tenant'' (1976), was shot in France, and completed the "Apartment Trilogy", following ''Repulsion'' and ''Rosemary's Baby''.〔 In 1977, after a photo shoot in Los Angeles, Polanski was arrested for the rape of 13-year-old Samantha Geimer and pleaded guilty to the charge of unlawful sex with a minor.〔 He was released from prison after serving 42 days and was told he would be put on probation. When he learned that the judge planned to renege on that promise, he fled to Paris before sentencing. He publicly offered his apology to Geimer telling her he regretted the episode.〔〔 In September 2009, he was arrested by Swiss police and later released after they denied a U.S. request for his extradition.〔〔 In October 2015, after another request for extradition, a judge in Poland refused the request.〔("Polish Judge Rejects Extradition of Roman Polanski" ), ''New York Times'', Oct. 30, 2015〕 Geimer supported the Polish decision, adding, "He said he did it, he pled guilty, he went to jail. I don't know what people want from him."〔("Roman Polanski's Victim Samantha Geimer Is 'Pleased' the Director Won't Be Extradited, Says She Recovered 'A Long Time Ago'" ), ''People'' magazine, Oct. 31, 2015〕 Polanski continued to make films such as ''The Pianist'' (2002), a WWII true story drama about Jewish-Polish musician Władysław Szpilman. The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director, along with numerous international awards. He also directed other films, including ''Oliver Twist'' (2005), a story which parallels his own life as a "young boy attempting to triumph over adversity".〔 In 2009 he received a lifetime-achievement award from the Zurich Film Festival,〔 and in 2011 won Best Director at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival for ''Carnage''. He was awarded Best Director for ''The Ghost Writer'' (2010) at the 23rd European Film Awards that year but was unable to receive it in person due to his retention by the Swiss authorities. == Early life == Polanski was born as Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański in Paris, France on 18 August 1933, the son of Bula (née Katz-Przedborska) and Ryszard Polański,〔 a painter and manufacturer of sculptures, who had changed his family name from Liebling.〔 His mother had a daughter, Annette, by her previous husband. Annette managed to survive Auschwitz, where her mother died, and left Poland forever for France.〔 Polański's Polish-born father was Jewish; Polański's Russian-born mother had been raised Roman Catholic, and was of half Jewish ancestry.〔〔〔 Polański's parents were both agnostics.〔 Polański, influenced by his education in the People's Republic of Poland, said "I'm an atheist" in an interview about his film, ''Rosemary's Baby''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Polanski」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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